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Between the Wars
| 1920s | 1920 | "Red raids" organized by Justice Department. |
| Final Senate defeat of Versailles Treaty. | ||
| Nineteenth Amendment (women's suffrage) passed | ||
| Radio broadcasting begins（Radio station KDKA, Pittsburgh, broadcasts election returns.） | ||
| Esch-Cummins Transportation Act | ||
| Merchant Marine Act | ||
| Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution takes effect. | ||
| Warren G. Harding elected president. | ||
| Fitzgerald publishes "This Side of Paradise" | ||
| Lewis publishes "Main Street" | ||
| 1920-1921 | Sharp postwar recession; agricultural prices plummet. | |
| 1921 | Sacco-Vanzetti trial | |
| Emergency Quota Act of 1921 | ||
| Bureau of the Budget created | ||
| Veterans' Bureau created | ||
| Cooper-Volstead Act | ||
| Sheppard-Towner Act. | ||
| Recovery from recession; economic boom begins; agriculture remains depressed. | ||
| National Woman's party founded by Alice Paul. | ||
| Shuffle Along, all-black musical review. | ||
| 1921-1922 | Washington Naval Arms Conference. | |
| 1922 | Five-Power Naval Treaty | |
| Four-Power and Nine-Power Treaties on the Far East | ||
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law | ||
| Supreme Court declares child-labor law unconstitutional. | ||
| Lewis publishes "Babbitt" | ||
| Eliot publishes "The Waste Land" | ||
| Herbert Hoover, "American Individualism". | ||
| 1923 | Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed | |
| Adkins v. Children's Hospital | ||
| Teapot Dome scandal | ||
| Harding dies; Calvin Coolidge becomes president. | ||
| Supreme Court strikes down minimum-wage law for women. | ||
| Jean Toomer, "Cane". | ||
| 1924 | Immigration Act of 1924 | |
| National Origins Act. | ||
| Adjusted Compensation Act for veterans | ||
| Dawes Plan for international finance | ||
| U.S. troops leave the Dominican Republic | ||
| Indians granted U.S. citizenship | ||
| Teapot Dome scandals investigated. | ||
| McNary-Haugen farm bill introduced. | ||
| Coolidge wins three-way presidential election | ||
| 1925 | Scopes trial | |
| Florida real estate boom | ||
| Ku Klux Klan scandal in Indiana. | ||
| Fitzgerald publishes "The Great Gatsby" | ||
| Dreiser publishes "An American Tragedy" | ||
| Alain Locke, "The New Negro". | ||
| Dorothy and DuBose Heyward, "Porgy". | ||
| 1926 | U.S. troops occupy Nicaragua | |
| Hemingway publishes "The Sun Also Rises" | ||
| Langston Hughes, "The Weary Blues". | ||
| 1927 | Lindbergh flies the Atlantic solo | |
| Sacco and Vanzetti executed | ||
| Coolidge vetoes the McNary-Haugen bill. | ||
| Henry Ford introduces the Model A. | ||
| First talking motion pictures "The Jazz Singer" | ||
| Willa Cather, "Death Comes for the Archbishop". | ||
| 1928 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | |
| Hoover defeats Smith for presidency | ||
| Hoover takes goodwill tour of Latin America | ||
| 1929 | Agricultural Marketing Act sets up Federal Farm Board | |
| Stock market crash; onset of depression. | ||
| Federal Farm Board created. | ||
| Sheppard-Towner program terminated. | ||
| Faulkner publishes "The Sound and the Fury" | ||
| Hemingway publishes "A Farewell to Arms" | ||
| Robert and Helen Lynd, "Middletown". | ||
| "Hallelujah", first all-black movie. | ||
| 1930s | 1930 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff |
| President Hoover's Emergency Committee for Employment. | ||
| "Little Caesar", gangster movie starring Edward G. Robinson. | ||
| "Animal Crackers", classic Marx Brothers comedy. | ||
| 1930-1936 | John Dos Passos, U.S.A. trilogy. | |
| 1931 | Japanese invade Manchuria | |
| Farmers' Holiday Association. | ||
| 1931-1932 | Japan invades Manchuria and creates puppet government. | |
| 1932 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) established | |
| Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act | ||
| "Bonus Army" dispersed from Washington, D.C. | ||
| Glass-Steagall Act. | ||
| Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president. | ||
| 1932-1935 | James T. Farrell, Studs Lonigan trilogy. | |
| 1933 | Bank holiday | |
| Emergency Banking Relief Act | ||
| Beer and Wine Revenue Act | ||
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created. | ||
| Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) | ||
| Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | ||
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | ||
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) | ||
| Public Works Administration (PWA) | ||
| Federal Securities Act | ||
| Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act | ||
| Civil Works Administration (CWA) | ||
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). | ||
| Twentieth Amendment (changed calendar of congressional sessions and date of presidential inauguration) | ||
| Twenty-first Amendment (prohibition repealed) | ||
| United States recognizes the Soviet Union | ||
| FDR declares Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America | ||
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff. | ||
| Roosevelt's economic nationalism sabotages London Economic Conference. | ||
| United States plays role in rise of Cuban strongman Fulgencio Batista. | ||
| Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany and assumes dictatorial powers. | ||
| Nathanael West, "Miss Lonelyhearts". | ||
| Jack Conroy, "The Disinherited". | ||
| "She Done Him Wrong and I'm No Angel", Mae West movie hits. | ||
| 1934 | Gold Reserve Act | |
| Securities and Exchange Commission authorized | ||
| Indian Reorganization Act | ||
| FHA established | ||
| Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act | ||
| Tydings-McDuffie Act provides for Philippine independence on July 4, 1946 | ||
| Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act | ||
| Civil Works Emergency Relief Act. | ||
| Democrats gain in midterm elections. | ||
| Nathanael West, "A Cool Million". | ||
| 1934-1936 | Nye committee investigations. | |
| Strikes by Mexican-American agricultural workers in the West. | ||
| 1935 | Works Progress Administration (WPA) established | |
| National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) | ||
| Resettlement Administration | ||
| Social Security Act | ||
| Public Utility Holding Company Act | ||
| Schechter "sick-chicken" case | ||
| CIO organized | ||
| First U.S. Neutrality Act | ||
| Supreme Court declares NRA unconstitutional. | ||
| Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. | ||
| National Youth Administration. | ||
| Rural Electrification Administration (REA). | ||
| Banking Act. | ||
| NAACP campaign for federal antilynching law. | ||
| Huey Long assassinated. | ||
| Revenue Act. | ||
| Supreme Court reverses conviction of the "Scottsboro Boys." | ||
| Harlem ghetto riot. | ||
| Mussolini invades Ethiopia | ||
| Clifford Odets, "Waiting for Lefty". | ||
| Walter Millis, "The Road to War: America" | ||
| 1935-1937 | Neutrality Acts. | |
| 1935-1938 | Peace movement sweeps U.S. campuses. | |
| 1935-1939 | Era of the Popular Front. | |
| 1936 | Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act | |
| Second U.S. Neutrality Act | ||
| Supreme Court declares AAA unconstitutional. | ||
| Roosevelt wins landslide reelection victory. | ||
| William Faulkner, "Absalom, Absalom!" | ||
| "Mr. Deeds Goes to Town", Frank Capra movie. | ||
| 1936-1937 | Autoworkers' sit-down strike against General Motors (December 1936-February 1937). | |
| 1936-1939 | Spanish Civil War | |
| 1937 | USHA established | |
| U.S. Neutrality Act of 1937 | ||
| Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan defeated. | ||
| Hugo Black appointed to the Supreme Court. | ||
| Farm Security Administration (FSA). | ||
| National Housing Act. | ||
| U.S. Steel, General Motors, and Chrysler sign union contracts. | ||
| Ten strikers shot dead in "Memorial Day Massacre" at Republic Steel Company in South Chicago. | ||
| Panay incident | ||
| Japan invades China | ||
| 1937-1938 | The "Roosevelt recession." | |
| 1938 | Fair Labor Standards Act | |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. | ||
| Republicans gain heavily in midterm elections. | ||
| Stanley Reed appointed to the Supreme Court. | ||
| Formation of Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). | ||
| Hitler seizes Austria | ||
| Munich Conference; Munich Pact gives Sudetenland to Hitler. | ||
| Kristallnacht, night of Nazi terror against German and Austrian Jews. | ||
| United States protests Japanese violation of Open Door principle in China. | ||
| Thornton Wilder, "Our Town". | ||
| Carnegie Hall concert by Benny Goodman. | ||
| War of the Worlds broadcast on CBS radio. | ||
| 1939 | Reorganization Act | |
| Hatch Act | ||
| Nazi-Soviet pact | ||
| Hitler seizes all of Czechoslovakia | ||
| World War II begins in Europe with Hitler's invasion of Poland | ||
| U.S. Neutrality Act of 1939 | ||
| FDR submits $1.3 billion military budget. | ||
| St. Louis, carrying Jewish refugees from Naziism, refused landing permission in Florida. | ||
| Felix Frankfurter and William O. Douglas appointed to the Supreme Court. | ||
| John Steinbeck, "The Grapes of Wrath". | ||
| Marian Anderson concert at Lincoln Memorial. | ||
| New York World's Fair. | ||
| 1940s | 1940 | Germany conquers the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, Norway, and Luxembourg. |
| Fall of France | ||
| United States invokes first peacetime draft | ||
| Havana Conference | ||
| Battle of Britain | ||
| Bases-for-destroyers deal with Britain | ||
| Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. | ||
| Selective Service Act. | ||
| FDR defeats Willkie for presidency | ||
| Richard Wright, "Native Son". | ||
| William Faulkner, "The Hamlet". | ||
| Ernest Hemingway, "For Whom the Bell Tolls". | ||
| "The Grapes of Wrath", movie directed by John Ford. | ||
| 1941 | Lend-Lease Act | |
| Hitler attacks the Soviet Union | ||
| Atlantic Charter | ||
| Roosevelt establishes the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC). | ||
| Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; the United States enters World War II | ||
| War Powers Act. | ||
| Germany declares war on the United States | ||
| Randolph plans black march on Washington | ||
| James Agee and Walker Evans, "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men". | ||
| 1942 | Japanese-Americans sent to internment camps | |
| Japan conquers the Philippines | ||
| Battle of the Coral Sea | ||
| United States invades North Africa(Operation Torch) | ||
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded | ||
| Battle of Midway halts Japanese offensive. | ||
| Revenue Act expands graduated income-tax system. | ||
| First successful atomic chain reaction. | ||
| 1943 | Allies hold Casablanca Conference | |
| Allies invade Italy | ||
| Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act | ||
| "Zoot-suit" riots in Los Angeles | ||
| Race riot in Detroit | ||
| Japanese driven from Guadalcanal | ||
| Soviet victory in Battle of Stalingrad. | ||
| Big Three meet in Tehran. | ||
| 1944 | Korematsu v. U.S. | |
| D-Day invasion of France | ||
| Battle of Marianas | ||
| Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) | ||
| Bretton Woods economic conference | ||
| Mark I calculator begins operation. | ||
| Roosevelt defeats Dewey for presidency | ||
| 1944-1945 | Battle of the Bulge | |
| 1945 | Yalta conference | |
| Roosevelt dies; Truman assumes presidency | ||
| Germany surrenders | ||
| Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa | ||
| Potsdam conference | ||
| Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki | ||
| Japan surrenders | ||
| United States ends lend-lease to the USSR | ||
| United Nations established | ||
| Truman proposes twenty-one-point program of economic reforms. | ||
| Spock publishes "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" |