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Civil War
| 1860s | 1860 | Abraham Lincoln elected president |
| South Carolina secedes from the Union. | ||
| Crittenden Compromise fails. | ||
| Pony Express established. | ||
| 1861 | The remaining Lower South states secede. | |
| Lincoln takes office. | ||
| Confederate States of America established. | ||
| Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina join the Confederacy (April - May). | ||
| Firing on Fort Sumter; Civil War begins. | ||
| Upper South secedes. | ||
| President Abraham Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress the rebellion (April). | ||
| Lincoln imposes a naval blockade on the South (April). | ||
| First Battle of Bull Run (July). | ||
| First Confiscation Act (August). | ||
| First transcontinental telegraph. | ||
| Morrill Tariff Act passed. | ||
| Trent affair. | ||
| Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus. | ||
| 1862 | Legal Tender Act (February). | |
| Grant takes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. | ||
| George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign (March - July). | ||
| Battle of Shiloh (April). | ||
| Confederate Congress passes the Conscription Act (April). | ||
| David G. Farragut captures New Orleans (April). | ||
| Homestead Act (May). | ||
| Seven Days' Battles (June - July). | ||
| Pacific Railroad Act (July). | ||
| Morrill Land Grant Act (July). | ||
| Second Confiscation Act (July). | ||
| Second Battle of Bull Run (August). | ||
| Naval battle of the Merrimack (the Virginia) and the Monitor. | ||
| Battle of Antietam (September). | ||
| Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (September). | ||
| Battle of Fredericksburg (December). | ||
| 1862-1864 | Alabama raids Northern shipping. | |
| 1863 | Emancipation Proclamation issued (January). | |
| Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus nationwide (January). | ||
| National Bank Act (February). | ||
| National Banking System established. | ||
| Congress passes the Enrollment Act (March). | ||
| Battle of Chancellorsville (May). | ||
| Battle of Gettysburg (July). | ||
| Surrender of Vicksburg (July). | ||
| New York City draft riots (July). | ||
| Battle of Chickamauga (September). | ||
| Fall of Port Hudson. | ||
| 1863-1864 | Napoleon III installs Archduke Maximilian as emperor of Mexico. | |
| 1864 | Ulysses S. Grant given command of all Union armies (March). | |
| Battle of the Wilderness (May). | ||
| Battle of Spotsylvania (May). | ||
| Battle of Cold Harbor (June). | ||
| Surrender of Atlanta (September). | ||
| Lincoln reelected (November). | ||
| William T. Sherman's march through Georgia to the sea (November - December). | ||
| Alabama sunk by Union warship. | ||
| Grant's Wilderness Campaign | ||
| 1865 | Sherman moves through South Carolina (January - March). | |
| Grant takes Richmond (April). | ||
| Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox (April). | ||
| Lincoln assassinated (April). | ||
| Joseph Johnston surrenders to Sherman (April). | ||
| Thirteenth Amendment ratified. | ||
| 1866 | Permanent transatlantic cable established. |